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Geo Barents: Determinati a tornare a salvare vite in mare

Mentre le navi umanitarie vengono bloccate, centinaia di vite si perdono nel Mediterraneo centrale. È il monito di Medici Senza Frontiere (MSF) dopo il fermo della Geo Barents, l’ultima nave umanitaria bloccata in un porto italiano proprio mentre in mare si consumava l’ennesimo naufragio, il secondo in pochi giorni. MSF chiede alle autorità italiane il tempestivo rilascio della Geo Barents perché possa tornare al più presto a salvare vite in mare.

Alla fine di un’ispezione durata 14 ore, il 2 luglio nel porto di Augusta, la nave di ricerca e soccorso di MSF è stata sottoposta a fermo amministrativo a seguito dell’individuazione di 22 non-conformità, 10 delle quali sarebbero alla base del provvedimento. Siamo pronti a effettuare tutti gli adeguamenti necessari, ma siamo consapevoli che le ispezioni sono diventate un mezzo per perseguire obiettivi politici dietro la forma di procedure amministrative. MSF è scesa in mare a maggio con la Geo Barents, pienamente equipaggiata e certificata per svolgere attività di ricerca e soccorso, nel rispetto delle leggi e dei regolamenti previsti dalle autorità marittime competenti.

I team a bordo hanno effettuato una serie di soccorsi dal 10 al 12 giugno, salvando 410 persone estremamente provate e con diversi casi vulnerabili. Tra loro 16 donne, di cui sei viaggiavano sole e una era incinta, oltre a 101 minori non accompagnati. La maggior parte di loro proveniva da paesi devastati dalla guerra, come Siria, Etiopia, Eritrea, Sudan, Mali.

Il blocco della Geo Barents è l’ennesima prova dell’accanimento amministrativo delle autorità italiane e delle misure punitive sistematicamente adottate per bloccare l’azione umanitaria in mare. Dal 2019 ad oggi, le autorità italiane hanno condotto 16 ispezioni sulle navi umanitarie, portando 13 volte a un fermo amministrativo, per un totale di 1078 giorni in cui queste navi non hanno potuto salvare vite in mare.

I controlli dello Stato di approdo sono procedure legittime, sviluppate per garantire la sicurezza della navigazione, ma queste ispezioni vengono strumentalizzate delle autorità per colpire le navi umanitarie in modo discriminatorio. L’unica conclusione possibile è che tutto questo è giustificato da motivi politici. Le lunghe e meticolose ispezioni delle navi umanitarie hanno l’obiettivo di individuare qualunque tipo di irregolarità per impedire che riprendano la loro azione salvavita. Siamo di fronte a una terribile realtà: mentre le navi umanitarie vengono bloccate, continuiamo a perdere vite nel Mediterraneo.Duccio StaderiniResponsabile delle attività di ricerca e soccorso di MSF

Oltre a una serie di inadempienze minori che si possono facilmente rettificare, le autorità italiane contestano l’adeguatezza della nave nel condurre sistematica attività di ricerca e soccorso. Ma il diritto internazionale non prevede una specifica classificazione internazionale per le navi di soccorso umanitarie e la sistematicità degli interventi è causata innanzitutto dal mancato adempimento degli obblighi di soccorso da parte delle autorità competenti. I rilievi sull’eccessivo numero di persone a bordo non tengono inoltre in considerazione le clausole di esonero che la stessa Convenzione SOLAS per la salvaguardia della vita umana in mare (art. IV.b) contempla in stato di necessità e per causa di forza maggiore in caso di recupero e trasporto di naufraghi.

Mentre piangiamo ancora le vittime dell’ultimo naufragio a poche miglia da Lampedusa, arrivano notizie di un altro naufragio al largo della Tunisia, e i corpi di donne a bambini stanno raggiungendo le coste libiche. In soli 6 mesi dall’inizio del 2021, almeno 721 persone risultano morte o disperse nel tentativo di attraversare la rotta migratoria più letale al mondo.

Determinata a tornare in mare il prima possibile, MSF presenterà un piano di azione per adeguare velocemente le irregolarità tecniche contestate dalle autorità, chiedendo contestualmente l’immediata revoca dell’ordine di fermo, come previsto dalle procedure esistenti (art. 22 del D. Lgs. 53/2011). In caso di rifiuto, MSF si riserva di intraprendere ulteriori iniziative per contestare il provvedimento di fronte al TAR e chiedere un indennizzo dei danni subiti come risultato del fermo indebito della nave e dei ritardi nella ripartenza (spese del noleggio, stipendi del personale e altri costi vivi).

La Geo Barents è in mare per la vergognosa assenza di una capacità di soccorso guidata dagli stati lungo il confine marittimo più letale al mondo. Nel frattempo, gli Stati UE sostengono la pericolosa guardia costiera libica e bloccano gli sforzi delle organizzazioni nel riempire quel drammatico vuoto. MSF farà tutto il possibile per tornare al più presto a salvare vite in mare.

Le richieste di MSF:

• MSF chiede alle autorità italiane il rilascio tempestivo della nave di ricerca e soccorso Geo Barents, come previsto dalle procedure esistenti
• Gli stati e le istituzioni europei devono porre fine al più presto al loro supporto politico e materiale alla guardia costiera libica, che porta a un sistema di intercettazioni e ritorni forzati in Libia. Gli stati membri dell’UE devono urgentemente indagare su ogni segnalazione di respingimenti e altri ritorni illegali. La guardia costiera libica finanziata dall’UE ha dimostrato in molte occasioni che i propri comportamenti violenti e l’incapacità di condurre e coordinare operazioni SAR mettono le vite delle persone in pericolo e causano nuove morti.

MSF is determined to return to sea to save lives after Geo Barents detained in Italy

Press Release 4 July 2021

• MSF calls upon the Italian authorities to facilitate the release of its search and rescue ship the Geo Barents, in accordance with the applicable procedures. 
• European States and institutions must end now their political and material support to the Libyan Coast Guard so long as it leads to interceptions and a system of forced returns to Libya. EU Member states must also urgently investigate any allegations of pushbacks or other unlawful returns. The EU-funded Libyan Coast Guard has proven in many occasions that their lack of capacity in conducting and coordinating SAR operations and violent behaviour endanger lives and lead to deaths. 

4 JULY 2021, AMSTERDAM/AUGUSTA – Hundreds of lives are being lost in the central Mediterranean while humanitarian NGO vessels are detained, warns Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), as the Geo Barents becomes the latest NGO ship to be immobilised by Italian port authorities. MSF calls upon the Italian authorities to swiftly facilitate the release of its search and rescue ship, to enable its return to sea as soon as possible.

Following a 14-hour inspection in Augusta port, Sicily, on 2 July 2021, MSF’s search and rescue ship the Geo Barents has been detained after 22 deficiencies were identified, 10 of which were allegedly grounds for the ship to be detained. While we are ready to make all necessary adjustments, we know that the inspection represents an opportunity for authorities to pursue political objectives under the guise of administrative procedures. MSF launched the Geo Barents in May, fully equipped and certified to perform search and rescue activities, while adhering to the current rules and regulations put in place by the relevant maritime authorities. 

The teams performed a series of rescues over 10-12 June, rescuing 410 people who all showed signs of extreme exhaustion and various vulnerabilities. Among them were 16 women, of which six were travelling alone and one was pregnant, as well as 101 unaccompanied children. Most people were from war-torn countries, such as Syria, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Sudan, and Mali. 

The detention of Geo Barents is yet further proof of administrative harassment by Italian authorities, and the punitive measures taken in order to block humanitarian operations at sea. From 2019 to date, the Italian authorities have conducted 16 Port State Controls on NGO rescue vessels, leading to administrative detention on 13 occasions. This equates to a total of 1,078 days of ships blocked from saving lives at sea. 

“While port state controls are legitimate maritime procedures, developed to ensure the safety of navigation at sea, these inspections have been instrumentalised by state authorities to target NGO ships in a discriminatory way. We can therefore only conclude that this is politically motivated,” declares Duccio Staderini, MSF Search and Rescue (SAR) Representative. “Inspections of NGO vessels in Italian ports are long and thorough aiming at finding irregularities in order to prevent the ship from returning to sea to save lives. We are faced with a crushing reality: while humanitarian NGO vessels are detained, lives continue to be needlessly lost in the Mediterranean”, adds Staderini.

In addition to a series of minor irregularities which are easily rectifiable, the Italian authorities dispute the ship’s suitability to carry out systematic search and rescue activities and allege that the ship had too many people on board. However international law does not stipulate specific international classification for humanitarian rescue ships.  Such a disingenuous interpretation of maritime law disregards the fact that rescue operations, as per the duty of ship masters to provide assistance to people in distress at sea, are considered force majeure situations. Therefore, the number of people on board should not be taken into account for the purpose of ascertaining the compliance to other provisions of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea.

While we mourn the victims of the last shipwreck a few miles from the shores of Lampedusa, there are reports of another shipwreck off Tunisia, and bodies of women and children are washing up on Libyan shores.  In only six months, since the beginning of 2021, at least 721 people have been confirmed dead or missing attempting to cross the world’s deadliest sea border. 

With the aim of getting back to sea as soon as possible, MSF will submit a plan of action to rapidly rectify deficiencies reported by the Italian authorities, while urging the immediate lifting of the detention order of the ship in accordance with the applicable procedures. In case of refusal, MSF will consider undertaking all alternative initiatives to challenge this detention notice.

The Geo Barents is only at sea because of the shameful absence of state-led search and rescue capacity at the world’s deadliest sea border. European states have propped up the dangerous Libyan Coast Guard and block NGO efforts to fill the deadly gap left by European states. MSF will take all necessary action to get back to sea to save lives as soon as possible.

Geo Barents has been issued a “rescue class notation” for 300 survivors. A chartering contract has been signed between MSF and the Norwegian shipping company Uksnøy, for the chartering of the vessel Geo Barents. The contract is registered and fully compliant with the highest standards of national, international and maritime regulations. The Geo Barents ship, which flies under Norwegian flag, meets all the technical and legal requirements to sail and perform search and rescue at sea. The ship has been fully equipped to perform search and rescue, with a medical clinic and recovery rooms.

Since summer 2019, 8 SAR NGO vessels including the Geo Barents have been detained (some of them, more than once) in the immediate aftermath of 16 port state controls in Italian ports on the grounds of similar “irregularities of technical and operational nature” and/or deficiencies such as to allegedly represent “a clear danger to safety, health or the environment” (the only case in which, pursuant to art. 19 of Directive 2009/16 / EC, the ship may be stopped until the deficiencies have been rectified).  

At present the Ocean Viking of SOS Mediterranee is the only rescue ship operational in the central Mediterranean . 5 NGO SAR vessels (Sea-Watch 4, Sea-Watch 3, Sea-Eye 4, Louise Michel and, most recently, Geo Barents) are all currently under administrative detainment and blocked from resuming their life-saving activities. Meanwhile, following a two-month administrative detention in Pozzallo-Sicily, Open Arms of Proactiva was released on 25 June and is undergoing maintenance in Spain, hence is not currently conducting SAR operations at sea. 

Not only European states are failing to provide search and rescue capacity, but are deliberately further stepping up the system of mass forced returns to Libya and collaborating with a Libyan coast guard which, once again, demonstrates violent behaviour shooting at a boat in distress with people on board in Maltese SRR. Since the beginning of 2021, a shocking amount of more than 14,751 refugees and migrants have been intercepted at sea and forced back to Libya – despite the fact that Libya is not Place of Safety for the purpose of disembarkation of people rescued at sea, according to international and maritime law.

Key figures

In less than 48 hours, on 10, 11 and 12 June 2021, the MSF chartered Geo Barents has rescued 410 persons in 7 non-stop rescues of boats in distress. They were rescued from unseaworthy rubber, wooden and fiberglass boats while attempting to cross the central Mediterranean. Out of the 410 rescued persons, there are:  12 women including a pregnant woman, 299 male adults / 99 children, of whom 91 non-accompanied, have been saved from drowning.

Since January 2021, at least 721 persons are confirmed dead or missing on the deadliest world central Mediterranean route.

During the first half of 2021, the EU-funded Libyan Coast Guard has significantly stepped up the interception and forcible return of people trying to flee Libya, despite the fact that Libya is not Place of Safety for the purpose of disembarkation of people rescued at sea, according to international and maritime law. In only 6 months, the number of people intercepted at sea by the Libyan Coast Guard and forcibly returned to Libya has surpassed the total number of people brought back during the entire year 2020 .

Men, women and children have been forcibly returned to arbitrary detention, for an indefinite time, in dangerous detention facilities characterised by physical abuse, sexual violence, exploitation, limited access to health care and deprivation of basic services as food, water, proper ventilation and light, overcrowding and little opportunity to maintain physical distancing in the context of a global pandemic. The sudden increase in the population in these inadequate facilities has further led to a rapid deterioration of living conditions. 

Following repeated incidents of violence towards refugees and migrants held in two detention centres in Tripoli, Libya, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) felt obliged to temporarily suspend our activities in Mabani and Abu Salim detention centres. Since February this year, incidents of ill-treatment, physical abuse and violence against people held in these detention centres have increased steadily. Over the space of just one week, our teams witnessed first-hand, and received at least three reports of, violent incidents resulting in severe physical and psychological harm.